Suchergebnisse

The aim of the paper is to explore the use of the new institutional perspective in the research of transformation of the Polish higher education. The paper viewpoint is that world society exercises massive influence on national systems of higher education and they tend to evolve into system convergence. This process is particularly well observed in countries like Poland that after decades of isolation became widely exposed to transnational trends which in the past had shaped higher education systems in western countries. The paper tries to demonstrate that a) the Polish higher education system creates a unique opportunity for neo-institutional theory to be critically tested in situation of rapid, spontaneous and dynamic changes that is taking place in the country of long and well-established academic tradition as well as a strong position of the academic community; b) the paper also makes a methodological claim by stating that any analysis that aspire to understand current discussions, conflicts and developments in the Polish higher education cannot ignore its past legacy. To contrary, they need to take seriously into account well institutionalized academic institutions, customs and habits that helped academics to keep universities going under undemocratic conditions. ; Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie neoinstytucjonalnej perspektywy analiz procesów zachodzących w polskim szkolnictwie wyższym. Pod wpływem działania społeczeństwa światowego (Meyer i in., 1997) narodowe systemy (w tym polski) stopniowo zmierzają w kierunku konwergencji. Jest to szczególnie widoczne w takich krajach, jak Polska, które po dłuższym okresie izolacji zostały wystawione na działanie procesów globalnych, przez dekady kształtujących systemy krajów Europy Zachodniej. W artykule starano się pokazać, że: a) polskie przemiany w szkolnictwie wyższym stwarzają okazję do przetestowania, a nawet rozbudowania neoinstytucjonalnej teorii w warunkach głębokich i dynamicznych przeobrażeń, które miały miejsce w kraju o bogatej tradycji akademickiej i silnej pozycji społeczności naukowej; b) badania nad współczesnymi przemianami w polskim szkolnictwie wyższym nie mogą dokonywać się w oderwaniu od jego historycznego dziedzictwa, a także politycznych warunków jego funkcjonowania przez niemal cały XX wiek. Istotnie zwiększyły one znaczenie nieformalnych, akademickich czy uczelnianych zwyczajów i obyczajów, które w trudnym okresie niedemokratycznych rządów pozwalały uczelniom w miarę normalnie funkcjonować.

The article aims to analyse the evolution of governmental policy in regard to football-related violence in Poland. The investigation is seen through a broader political prism of the country's modernization efforts that were symbolically framed by two major events: the partially free parliamentary elections in 1989 and the finals of Euro 2012 co-hosted by Poland. The paper offers a discussion on policy dynamics stemmed from politicization and instrumentalization of the complex problem of hooliganism. By doing so, it demonstrates how, under external political pressure and in search for internal popularity, the governments introduced superficial legal and institutional solutions thoughtlessly imitating policies adopted in other countries (mainly England), and how this approach led to masking and sidelining social problems rather than offering actual solutions.

This article aims to compare two aspects of the education systems in two East European countries. As the political history of the Czech Republic & Poland in the past fifty years is similar, the authors compare the countries' development in tackling educational inequalities & attempt to evaluate their policies & reforms from the beginning of socialism to date. Despite many similarities & identical outcomes in the past (no effect in lowering levels of educational inequalities), these countries undertook two different approaches to the transformation of higher education after 1989. The specific current developments in higher education in the Czech Republic & Poland have been caused by conservative & reserved legislation in the former & the creation of new, very liberal rules for establishing non-state higher education institutions in the latter. As there emerged a considerable difference in the number of higher education institutions in each country, the authors show the negative impact on educational inequalities & the social consequences of the enormous increase in the number of students & private universities. Despite different approaches, the countries face many similar problems, such as quality assurance, a shortage of staff, & information asymmetry. These problems seem to be sharper in Poland, but it is only a matter of time for the Czech Republic.

Part I - Female Fandom: Theoretical and Empirical Investigation 1 Researching Female Fandom 2 Theorising Female Fandom Part II - The Local Context of Development of Female Fandom 3 History of Football (Male) Fandom in Poland 4 Transformation of Women's Status and Gender Relations in Poland 5 How Can We Explore Female Fandom? Part III - Performing Female Fandom in the Male Reservoir 6 Women's Initiation into Football Fandom: Men as Brokers 7 Female Fans at Football Matches 8 Reasons for Attending Football Matches 9 Participation in Fandom Culture 10 Female Fans as Customers 11 Perception of a Football Stadium as (Social) Space for Women Part IV - Female Fans in the Eyes of Others: Male and Football Stakeholders Perspective 12 The Response of Male Fans to the Growing Number of Females in Football Stands 13 Female Fans in the View of Other Football Stakeholders.

Since the 1990s there has been a growing number of female supporters following football clubs and there is little doubt that they have recently become an important part of the audience for both football authorities and clubs. The process of football's feminisation is neither simple nor is it taking place in a social vacuum, and female fans are encountering well-institutionalised football fandom culture, which is deeply entrenched in stadium rituals. This paper offers an empirical study of roles assigned to women in football fandom culture and the way in which this has been done in order reproduce a "traditional" social order on the Polish football stands. In doing so, it examines the grass-roots ultras' magazine To My Kibice (We are the fans) that belongs to an increasingly popular type of fan magazine, which was developed from popular homemade football fanzines in the 1980s. The analyses provide evidence that female supporters are either marginalised (not being counted as regular fans), patronised or instrumentalised by their male peers. These strategies are visible both in language and in the social contexts in which women on the stands are described.

Since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been a growth in the number of woman at soccer stadiums. These women are supporters not only of the national teams but also of local clubs. Although the stadium socialization of women, in which their identity is shaped through their connection with a club and integration in the fan community, is not a new phenomenon, particularly in western European countries, it has not yet been thoroughly studied, including in terms of women's separate social roles. The authors' aim is to present the broader context for the appearance of women in stadiums, with selected aspects of women's fandom as described by western scholars. The authors also discuss what is known at present on the subject in Poland. This is not an exhaustive and multidimensional analysis, but only a signaling of certain interesting analytical categories; thus the ideas contained in the article are primarily of an exploratory nature, though based on empirical data.

Artykuł traktuje o perypetiach etnograficznych, czyli kłopotliwych sytuacjach terenowych, dylematach metodologicznych, etycznych i technicznych w toku eksploracji świata zaangażowanych kibiców holenderskiej drużyny piłkarskiej FC Twente Enschede. Z myślą o usprawnieniu działań badaczy podejmujących w przyszłości podobnie niełatwe zadania etnograficzne wskazuje się tu wielowymiarowe konsekwencje badania subkultury kibiców piłkarskich. Narracja zogniskowana jest na czterech kwestiach. Pierwsza to trudności z akcesem do wspólnoty kibiców piłkarskich. Druga to niebezpieczeństwa (fizyczne, emocjonalne i prawne) związane z doświadczaniem wspólnoty meczowej i pozameczowej. Kwestia trzecia to konsekwencje tak radykalnej etnografii dla tożsamości badacza, wynikające z prowadzenia badań w trybie "pełnego zanurzenia". Kwestia czwarta to wpływ trzech pierwszych trudności (uzyskiwania dostępu do zamkniętej grupy, niebezpieczeństw pełnego zaangażowania w działania grupy i przemian w obrębie tożsamości "zanurzonego") na wewnętrzną trafność i zewnętrzną rzetelność opisu etnograficznego.

The paper investigates the approaches employed for attracting international full-degree students in three countries on the periphery of Europe/the European Economic Area: Norway, Poland and Portugal. These countries, considered semi-peripheral regarding international student recruitment, have shorter traditions for incoming mobility than countries that are major recruiters and which have been the focus of previous research on attracting international students. The paper analyses national policies and strategies, focusing on their emergence, rationales and instruments. The study is comparative, aiming to find commonalities and differences in the approaches of these countries further to the changing global environment in higher education. The major finding is that semi-peripheral countries appear to employ different strategies and resort to other comparative advantages than the largest student recruiters, exploiting political, cultural or geographical aspects rather than educational assets. The findings highlight the need for these countries to identify their distinctive attraction capacities and assets, as well as to be purposeful in choosing their target recruitment regions ; This paper has been developed with support for a postdoctoral fellowship from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Grant Number SFRH/BPD/85724/2012 and with support from the Polish National Research Council (NCN) through its research Grant (UMO-2013/10/M/HS6/00561). ; acceptedVersion

This study analyses how different types of system-level (or 'landscape') structural reforms in higher education have been designed and implemented in selected higher education systems. In the 12 case studies that form the core of the project, the researchers examine reforms aimed at:• Increasing horizontal differentiation between different types of higher education institutions (for example reforms to introduce or modify the role of universities of applied science);• Increasing vertical differentiation through increasing or decreasing positional or status differences between higher education institutions (for example, reforms aimed at concentrating research in a limited number of universities) and;• Changing institutional interrelationships between higher education institutions (for example, through mergers, the formation of associations of institutions).In each case, the researchers set out to understand the origins and objectives of the reforms examined, the why they were designed and implemented, the extent to which they achieved their objectives and the factors affecting success or failure. The overall objective is to provide policy makers at the European, national and institutional levels with policy relevant conclusions concerning the design, implementation and evaluation of structural reforms

The subject of the debate was the main elements of the reform in the way higher education functions, implemented from October 2019. The background of the reform was discussed, including the historical and mental conditions of the academic community, and then the reform programming phase (e.g. consultation procedures), the phase of implementing changes (including the issue of adjusting the publication of regulations) and the sphere of new or additional incentives were discussed. which introduced new regulations into academic life (e.g. new rules for obtaining points by scholars for publications, new evaluation rules to which universities are subject, rules for creating statutes).